Iranian International Journal Of Social Sciences
Volume:10 Issue: 3, Summer 2020

This study investigates the responsiveness of manufacturing sector performance to major macroeconomic determinants in Nigeria, covering the period between 1981 and 2018. It contributes to attendant literature by examining the asymmetric impact of each of the macroeconomic variables, including GDP per capita, exchange rate, inflation rate, interest rate proxied by prime lending rate, and gross fixed capital formation. The empirical evidence is based on a Non – Linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model. Our result confirms important roles for all the macroeconomic variables although at different time periods. In the long run, important role on manufacturing sector performance is found for all variables except GDP per capita. In the short run however, it alongside exchange rate and period lags of manufacturing value added meaningfully determines manufacturing sector performance. Our findings also confirm the presence of asymmetric shocks on manufacturing performance for exchange rate at both time periods and interest rate only in the long run.

Novel communication technologies significantly influence proactive behaviours by expanding and developing information highways and using satellite and computer facilities in the world. These influences can be examined in political, social, economic, and cultural aspects and so on. The main purpose of current research is to study the cyberspace role in political development from the student's viewpoint of Azad and the National University of Tehran. The research method is surveyed, and it is made of the researcher's questionnaire. A sample does it consists of 384 students of Azad and the National University of Tehran. Cronbach’s alpha of questionnaire is 84%, and questionnaire validity is confirmed by communication and political science experts. Mann-Whitney U test and the binomial test is used for data analysis. The results show that using cyberspace has a role in political development from student's viewpoint of Azad and the National University of Tehran and, besides, the impact of using cyberspace on political development from the student’s viewpoint of Azad and National University of Tehran is different. The findings imply that using cyberspace has a role in strengthening democratic values and traditions, economic development and political legitimacy, political culture, the strengthen of structural differentiation, the application of functional necessity and pattern variables, modernized and mobility of the political system.

One of the most favorable development options in society's programs and policies is tourism development. The most important part of sustainable tourism development is promoting community participation on reliability, norms through members in it: social capital on human resource. In this regard, social capital is one of the most important variables that support community participation in many activities. The study was surveyed and analyzed the utility of social capital in a village. Targeted region is Lavij village, Mozandaran province in Iran. The paper applies the focus to the region which has been one of famous tourist spot in the country although significant delay of regional development. The research method in this study was quantitative, and verified the process of regional development based on mutual relationship between social capital by residents and rural tourism. It is found that sufficient network, reliability in the target community based on residents’ independent has constituted in this region. It was recognized that residents have strong mutual relationship which is essential element of social capital, even though it has not been influenced on active rural tourism industry. This paper can be classified into case study and its’ definition will not be applied to any cases, especially on causal relation on economic activities, thus, it will be contributed to illustrate the state of cultural community with mutual relationship which has been continued since former generation.

The science of geography, also literally called in Arabic "faces and slices of earth", involves a kind of land survey which emerged into Islam. There were several factors contributing to geography such as command of Islam to learning, Quran geographical themes, pilgrimage routes and wide-range Muslim conquests. This article attempted to examine two major schools of geography in the Islamic world under the influence of Hindi and Iranshahri schools of geography, which include 1. Iraqi school (Baghdad worldview) 2. Balkh school given the centrality of Mecca and the Muslim. Unlike the former, the Balkhi school more attention to the Mulsim world, to the extent that thee followers of Balkhi school consider Mecca as the center of the world, where the geography is religious. The Balkhi School of geography has been based on Islamic data plus adopting a more scientific perspective, whereas the Iraqi school entails a more widespread and more comprehensive geography.

This study aimed to examine the influence of utilizing social networks on the intergenerational gap between families living in District 5 of Tehran. The method to conduct the research was a kind of survey method, and a researcher-made questionnaire was applied to gather information. The sampling method is a randomized cluster, and 400 people determined the sample size by applying Cochran's formula, of which 200 are girls and boys 15 to 18 years old and 200 are their parents. The questionnaire's validity was approved after presenting it to the professors of communication sciences and social sciences. The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.944 for the independent variable (using social networks) and the research dependent variable (generation gap in families in District 5 of Tehran) explains the high internal correlation of items, and in other words, the reliability of the research instruments. The correlation coefficient of the variables and multivariate regression analysis has been applied to analyze the data and information, and these analyzes have been done by SPSS software. The findings indicated a reversed relationship between the application of social networks and the generation gap. That is, the intergenerational gap is decreased by increasing the parent's use of the social network. Social network usage also influences social trust, social values, and religious beliefs in the family. Still, the usage of the social network does not influence individualism in the family.

Developing the e-services has directed organizations to aspire to achieve more market share in the competitive market. Consequently, they must present their services in such a system that customers return to the website and apply the e-services of that organization. This matter has become a serious challenge in this field and has generated a notion such as e-loyalty that various factors affect it. This study aims to prioritize the factors influencing the creation of e-loyalty in users of the Tehran Stock Exchange employing the FAHP technique. The research is conducted in a descriptive-survey method and is applied research in terms of objective. Field and library methods have been used to collect the information required for the research, and the data is collected utilizing a questionnaire. This study's statistical population, considering that the fuzzy FAHP technique has been used in this study, is 19 experts (users) of the Tehran Stock Exchange. A pairwise comparisons Questionnaire has been utilized to collect data. The obtained incompatibility rate is less than 0.10 and is satisfactory to determine the reliability. The result of prioritizing the main criteria of the effective indices of the factors influencing the creation of e-loyalty in users of Tehran Stock Exchange utilizing the FAHP technique indicated that the quality of the system ranks first; reliability ranks second; assurance ranks third; answerability ranks fourth; Information quality ranks fifth; being tangible ranks sixth and compassion ranks seventh.

The family is the vital source of peace and comfort, love and intimacy. But the family can also be a place of conflict, difference, gap and distance in terms of values ​​and patterns of behavior between children and parents. Virtual social networks are a new generation of social networking space that at the end of the first decade of the 21st century have changed the ways of communication between humans and although they are not very old, they have been able to penetrate into people's lives. Networks affect various aspects of individual and social life. The main purpose of this research is a theoretical explanation of the use of cyberspace and the evolution of family structure in Iran with emphasis on the concept of generation gap. The method of the present study is the study of documents and texts in libraries and the technique of collecting information is taking notes and preparing information sheets. Findings show that the significant relationship between parents' and children's familiarity with cyberspace is confirmed and emphasized by thinkers. Also, parents often think they are too old to use new technology and space, and this creates a gap in the rate. The new and old generation is familiar with cyberspace. There is a difference between parents and children in attitudes and adherence to immaterial and material values, and of course, attitudes and adherence to immaterial values ​​of parents are more than children. Another part of the research findings show that one of the effects of being in cyberspace is the reduction of social capital in the family, which has caused a generation gap. Easy access to cyberspace and its low cost has led to the presence of more family members in cyberspace, which has led to changes in people's lifestyles. This means that the more people use cyberspace, the deeper the value gap between parents and children. Analysis of theoretical and empirical evidence of research also shows that in the course of modernity, traditions are also rethought, and in the age of modernity, the "self" is a project that must be rethought and redesigned, and as in the past, its traditions and habits. Does not shape the process of modernism in human societies, such as mass media, trust, friendship, chronic variability, the system of technical and medical expertise, constant risk-taking, marriage and divorce, self-discovery, intimacy in friendship, identity seeking. And pure relationships that have all changed in the new society.

Behavioral scientists such as Freudian-Florence believe that aggression is a behavior rooted in human nature. These two believe that aggression as a latent force in humans has a hydraulic state that gradually becomes compacted and compressed in the individual, and eventually needs to be discharged. Aggression is a common phenomenon that athletes often deal with directly or indirectly. Rarely can you find a topic that is as significant as aggression and violence in sports. Explaining the causes and behavior of violence in humankind is often the subject of research in sociology. In this study, the problem was studied between 300 professional and semi-professional taekwondo athletes in two groups of 150 people. Finally, the aggression model of professional taekwondo practitioners was analyzed sociologically. The method used in this study is a survey method that is described and aims to show a picture of the conditions or phenomena studied to know more about the conditions in the participants. In fact, the goal is to find the relationship between the predictor variable and the criterion for trying to explain the variations in variable orientation. Finally, among the types of aggression, verbal aggression was higher among professional athletes and the rest of the types of aggression did not differ much, Also , there was no significant relationship between the component of religious beliefs and aggression.